Managing Ports and Services (Release 4.1 and Prior)

For SmartServer 4.2 and higher, see Managing SmartServer IoT Ports and Services.

This section consists of the following topics:

Identifying External Ports

The table below lists the incoming and/or outgoing service ports that are open to the outside world by default. The default is set when re-imaging the system and when transitioning the Enable Enhanced Security option from disabled to enabled. You can sort the table by clicking on the column header.

When the Enable Enhanced Security option is checked (enabled), all of the ports listed in the table are opened, except for the ports that are marked with asterisks (**). These ports are only open by default if the service is enabled in the SmartServer Configuration pages. The consequence of closing these ports is described in the column labeled Consequence of  Closing. 

Other services can be managed from the command line using ufw firewall rules. See the Disabling / Re-enabling Other Ports section below for more information. You can optionally create a backup of the following files in case you want to undo any changes to the firewall rules:

/etc/ufw/user.rules
/etc/ufw/user6.rules

Enhanced Security is available with SmartServer 3.5 and higher


Enhanced security is enabled by default on (System Configuration page):

  • a factory-configured SmartServer that is shipped with 3.5 or higher
  • a SmartServer with 3.5 or higher after a factory reset
  • a SmartServer that is  re-imaged with 3.5 or higher

Enhanced security is disabled by default on a SmartServer that is updated to 3.5 or higher from a release prior to 3.5.

Enhanced security disables IP-852 routing. To use IP-852 routing you will need to disable Enhanced security.

PortServiceProtocolEnhanced In/OutStandard In/OutComment
BAC0-BACF, C000-FFFF  **BACnet Server (echbacnet)UDP Allowed/Blocked  Allowed/Allowed

You can enable/disable this service using the BACnet Configuration page.

This port is user-configurable.

22SSH (sshd)TCP Allowed/BlockedAllowed/AllowedSee the Disabling SSH / Port 22 section below for more information.
25SMTPTCP

Blocked/Allowed

Blocked/Allowed

Email alarm notifications and password notifications will not be sent.
53DNSTCP/UDPBlocked/AllowedBlocked/AllowedThis port is required for DNS resolution.
67



DHCP client (dnsmasq)UDP

 Allowed/Blocked

Allowed/Allowed

You can set static IP addresses using the System Configuration page.

Setting static IPs does not disable the service.

ufw/iptables cannot be blocked.

Update: /etc/ufw/before.rules

80SmartServer CMS Update

TCP

Blocked/AllowedBlocked/AllowedDefault HTTP port.
123NTPUDPBlocked/AllowedBlocked/AllowedThis port is required for system time synchronization.
502Modbus TCPTCPBlocked/AllowedBlocked/AllowedThis is the conventional port used for Modbus TCP for clients and simulators.
443

Signed Certificates

Licensing

TCP

  Blocked/Allowed

Blocked/Allowed


443

Web/Proxy Server (nginx)

TCP

Allowed/Blocked

Allowed/Allowed

Default HTTPS port.
This port is required for the SmartServer Configuration page, Local CMS, custom web pages, and custom applications using IAP/REST.

1628 – 1645 (typical default range) **LON (echlte)TCP

 Allowed/Blocked

Allowed/Allowed

Optional LON functionality: IP-852, RNI, Protocol Analyzer port.

You can enable/disable these services using the LON Configuration page.

1628 and 1629 are IANA assigned ports for LON communications over IP supporting IP-852, RNI.

This port is user-configurable.

1883 **MQTT (mosquitto)TCPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed

You can enable/disable this port using the Features Configuration page.

This feature will need to be re-enabled after enabling enhanced security.

2541LON (echlte)TCPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed

External IP-70

This port is always open.

5353mDNS
(avahi-daemon)
UDP

 Allowed/Blocked

Allowed/AllowedmDNS/ ZeroConf/Bonjour DNS service will not find the SmartServer (e.g., hostname.local). You will need to use an IP address or some other DNS service.
8883 **MQTT (mosquitto)TCPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed

INE requires a certificate and credentials to be configured in order to connect.

You can enable/disable this port using the Features Configuration page.

This feature will need to be re-enabled after enabling enhanced security.

8883 **MQTT (mosquitto)TCPBlocked/AllowedBlocked/AllowedYou can enable/disable this port using the System Configuration page → Enable Remote CMS.

41797 **


BACnet Server (echbacnet)UDPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed

You can enable/disable this service using the BACnet Configuration page. 

This feature will need to be re-enabled after enabling enhanced security.

47808 **BACnet Server (echbacnet)UDPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed

You can enable/disable this service using the BACnet Configuration page. 

This feature will need to be re-enabled after enabling enhanced security.

49152 – 65535 **IANA ephemeral UDP port rangeUDP

 Blocked/Allowed

Blocked/Allowed

These ports are used dynamically by clients such as Yabe for BACnet as their source port while they have an established connection to the SmartServer.

You can configure these ports using the BACnet Configuration page. 

55000 (default) **OPC UA Server (echopcua)TCP

 Allowed/Blocked

Allowed/Allowed

You can disable this service using the OPC UA Configuration page. OPC UA can be configured to require authentication.

This port is user-configurable.

All other portsMultipleTCP/UDP

 Blocked/Blocked

Blocked/Allowed

By default, there is no rule for port 80/TCP. Nginx automatically upgrades HTTP requests to HTTPS (443/TCP), therefore, there is no HTTP service even when 80/TCP is open. 

Identifying Internal Ports

The table below lists internal services/ports. There are no firewall rules exposing these internal services/ports to external interfaces. You can sort the table by clicking on the column header.

Managing internal ports

Attempting to modify or restrict these ports may compromise the functionality of the SmartServer applications.


PortServiceProtocolEnhanced In/OutStandard In/Out
53DNS (dnsmasq)TCPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed
53DNS (dnsmasq)UDPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed
1099Local CMS if active
(jmx)
TCPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed
1629 (IP-70)LON (echlte)UDPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed
1880

Node-Red (node-red)

TCP

Allowed/Blocked

Allowed/Allowed
3200Local CMS if active
(mqtt)
TCPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed
5432Local CMS if active
(pgsql)
TCPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed
6379Local CMS if active
(redis)
TCPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed
8101Local CMS if active
(karaf)
TCPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed
8181Local CMS if active
(jetty)
TCPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed
9001

Supervisor (python)

TCP

Allowed/Blocked

Allowed/Allowed
9090Reboot Manager (python3)TCPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed
44444Local CMS if active
(jmx)
TCPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed
dynamic
(see note below)

Reboot Manager (python3)


TCP

Allowed/Blocked

Allowed/Allowed
dynamic
(see note below)

Local CMS if active
(jmx)

TCPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed
dynamic
(see note below)

Local CMS if active
(pgsql)

UDPAllowed/BlockedAllowed/Allowed

Dynamic ports

Dynamic ports are determined at runtime.

Enabling / Disabling MQTT Ports

Starting with SmartServer 2.7 Update 1, you can enable and disable the MQTT ports on the LAN (eth0) and WAN (eth1) interfaces from the SmartServer Configuration page.  These ports are used to provide external access to the IAP/MQ message bus used internally by the SmartServer.  The MQTT ports are 1883 for unsecure communication and 8883 for TLS encrypted secure communication.

To enable or disable either of these ports, perform the following steps:

  1. Open the SmartServer Configuration page.  

    The Network tab appears.



  2. Select the Features tab. 



    The Features tab appears.



  3. Select the check boxes for the ports you want to enable; clear the checkboxes for the ports you want to disable.



  4. Click Update to save the port settings.

Disabling SSH / Port 22

To disable SSH port 22, perform the following steps:

  1. Log into the SmartServer console using USB or SSH.

  2. Enter the following command to view current firewall rules:

    sudo ufw status numbered


  3. Take note of the rule number for SSH port 22.



  4. Delete the rule for SSH port 22 using the following command (may require sudo password):

    sudo ufw delete <rule number for port 22>

    The following confirmation prompt appears:

    Proceed with operation (y|n)?

  5. Enter y and press RETURN.

    Once the rule number for port 22 is deleted, SSH connection attempts will timeout and fail to connect.


    Example: disables the SSH port 22

    Disabling SSH service

    You can also disable the SSH service; however, this service will be re-enabled after upgrading or re-imaging the SmartServer. To disable the SSH service, enter the following commands:

    sudo systemctl disable ssh
    sudo systemctl stop ssh

Disabling / Re-enabling Other Ports

Starting with SmartServer 3.5, the default for all outgoing and incoming ports is set to deny. In order to enable a port through the firewall, a rule needs to be created, and to disable a port through the firewall, a rule needs to be deleted.

To disable a port by deleting a firewall rule, perform the following steps:

  1. Log into the SmartServer console using USB or SSH.

  2. Enter the following command to view current firewall rules:

    sudo ufw status numbered



  3. Take note of the current settings and only remove specific rules by entering the following command (may require sudo password):

    sudo ufw delete <rule number>

    For example:

    sudo ufw delete 24


    This example disables the outbound ephemeral UDP port range.

    Note the syntax for enabling the rule

    Take note of the response to the delete command (i.e., allow out 49152:65535/udp in the example below) as shown in the highlighted area of the following screen capture. You will need this syntax if you later want to re-enable the port.


    The following confirmation prompt appears:

    Proceed with operation (y|n)?

  4. Enter y and press RETURN.

    The rule is deleted.



To re-enable a port by adding a firewall rule, perform the following steps:

  1. Log into the SmartServer console using USB or SSH.

  2. Enter the following command to add a rule:

    sudo ufw <allow syntax that was noted above>

    For example: 

    sudo ufw allow out 49152:65535/udp


    The rule is added.

Changing the HTTP and HTTPS Ports

The SmartServer defaults to using port 80 for HTTP and 443 for HTTPS. In some cases, you will want to change these ports in order to make HTTP and HTTPS more secure. The instructions below show how to change the http port from 80 to 1780,  and https from 443 to 1443. 

The CMS Export using the Import/Export button may not use the new HTTPS port. In this case, once the export times out, add the HTTPS port to the URL. 

After you change the HTTP and HTTPS ports, if you do a "Restore to factory" this will change the ufw ports back to defaults, but doesn't change the apollo.conf file and so even though you can ping the SmartServer you will not be able to access the SmartServer Configuration Page or CMS Web page until you change the apollo.conf file back to the default settings (see step 2 below). 


To change both of these ports you have to do the following:

  1. Backup the /etc/nginx/sites-available/apollo.conf.  Use ssh/console (use apollo login) or SFTP (requires root login)
     

    Making a copy of apollo.conf using console/ssh
    ls -l /etc/nginx/sites-available/
    sudo cp /etc/nginx/sites-available/apollo.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/apollo.conf.old
    ls -l /etc/nginx/sites-available/
  2. Change three lines in the apollo.conf file. To use nano, log in as apollo "sudo

    Console/SSH using nano
    sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/apollo.conf
    1. default settings: 

      apollo.conf default settings for HTTP (80) ports
      listen                  80 default_server;
      listen             [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
      apollo.conf default settings for HTTPS (443) ports
      listen                  443 ssl;
    2. After HTTP port is changed from port 80 to port 1780, and after HTTPS port changed from 443 to 1443.

      apollo.conf default settings for HTTP (1780) ports
      listen                  1780 default_server;
      listen             [::]:1780 default_server ipv6only=on;
      apollo.conf default settings for HTTPS (1443) ports
      listen                  1443 ssl;
    3. save the file

    4.  Verify changes

      Verify the change were made
      cat /etc/nginx/sites-available/apollo.conf
      
      :
      server {
          # listen on HTTP port(s) (this is the default server)
          # NOTE: Only use non-SSL ports for debugging!
          listen                  1680 default_server;
          listen             [::]:1680 default_server ipv6only=on;
          server_name "";
          return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
      }
      
      server {
          # listen on IPv4 HTTPS port (using a self-signed certificate)
          # DOC: <http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/configuring_https_servers.html>
          # DOC: <http://www.akadia.com/services/ssh_test_certificate.html>
          listen                  1443 ssl;
      
      :
  3. See what ports are open
    1. sudo ufw status numbered 

    2. Each port number can have multiple entries and can be input or outputs.

  4. Open new ports for HTTP (1780) and HTTPS (1443). Remove the port 80 and 443 IN ports, but keep the port 80 and 443 Output ports.  The port 80 and 443 output entries are used by the SmartServer internal applications to access external servers and should not be changed. 

    Close some port 80 and 443 entries, and add new 1780 and 1443 port entries
    sudo ufw allow 1780
    sudo ufw allow 1780/tcp
    sudo ufw allow out 1680/tcp
    sudo ufw allow 1443/tcp
    sudo ufw allow 1443
    sudo ufw allow out 1443/tcp
    
    sudo ufw delete allow 80/tcp
    sudo ufw delete allow 443
    sudo ufw delete allow 443/tcp
    
    
  5. Verify that port setting are correct. Make sure "80/tcp ALLOW OUT" and "443/tcp ALLOW OUT" are still allowed.

    Ports open after changes
    $ sudo ufw status numbered
    Status: active
    
         To                         Action      From
         --                         ------      ----
    [ 1] 22/tcp                     ALLOW IN    Anywhere
    [ 2] 5353/udp                   ALLOW IN    Anywhere
    [ 3] 2541/udp                   ALLOW IN    Anywhere
    [ 4] 2541/udp                   ALLOW OUT   Anywhere                   (out)
    [ 5] Anywhere on lo             ALLOW IN    Anywhere
    [ 6] Anywhere                   ALLOW OUT   Anywhere on lo             (out)
    [ 7] Anywhere                   DENY IN     127.0.0.0/8
    [ 8] 53/udp                     ALLOW OUT   Anywhere                   (out)
    [ 9] 5353/udp                   ALLOW OUT   Anywhere                   (out)
    [10] 80/tcp                     ALLOW OUT   Anywhere                   (out)
    [11] 443/tcp                    ALLOW OUT   Anywhere                   (out)
    [12] Anywhere                   ALLOW OUT   Anywhere on ip70           (out)
    [13] 123/udp                    ALLOW OUT   Anywhere                   (out)
    [14] 25/tcp                     ALLOW OUT   Anywhere                   (out)
    [15] 502/tcp                    ALLOW OUT   Anywhere                   (out)
    [26] 1443                       ALLOW IN    Anywhere
    [17] 1628/udp                   ALLOW IN    Anywhere
    [18] 1628/udp                   ALLOW OUT   Anywhere                   (out)
    [19] 1883 on eth0               ALLOW IN    Anywhere
    [20] 8883 on eth0               ALLOW IN    Anywhere
    [21] 1780/tcp                   ALLOW IN    Anywhere
    [22] 1780/tcp                   ALLOW OUT   Anywhere                   (out)
    [23] 1780                       ALLOW IN    Anywhere
    [24] 1443/tcp                   ALLOW IN    Anywhere
    [25] 1443/tcp                   ALLOW OUT   Anywhere                   (out)
    
    
  6. Reboot the SmartServer.